All Fives
An American two-player cross domino game in which players score for making the ends of the layout add up to a multiple of 5.
Class: Fives and Threes Family, Cross
Related games: Five Up (Dominoes), Muggins (Dominoes), Seven-Toed Pete (Dominoes), Seven Rocks, Horse Race (Dominoes), Sniff, Fives and Threes (Dominoes), All Threes (Dominoes)
Region: USA
- Introduction
- Equipment
- The Deal
- The Play
- Scoring
- Variations
- Comments and Strategy
- Other All Fives web pages
- All Fives Software and Online Games
Introduction
This game is a member of the Fives Family. Dominic C. Armanino states that this game originated in Europe, but it is now more popular in the United States, and many American players regard it as the standard form of dominoes. It is also sometimes known as Double Six, Muggins, Five Up or Single Spinner, but here we use the name Muggins for the game played without a spinner and Five Up for the game in which all doubles are spinners.
Equipment
The game uses a double six domino set. It can be played by two to four players. The two-player version is played as a tournament game in North America, and it also works well as a four handed partnership game. A cribbage board is useful for scoring, since scores are totaled as they are made and not at the end of the hand. Alternatively, the score can be kept on paper.
The Deal
The size of the hand varies with the number of players:
- 2 players get 9 tiles each
- 3 players get 7 tiles each
- 4 players get 5 tiles each
The rest of the tiles form the boneyard.
The four handed game is usually played in partnerships.
The Play
The first player in the first hand is determined by lot. In the following hands, the player who dominoed (ran out of tiles) in the previous hand plays first. If the last hand was blocked, then the lead is again determined by lot. The lead can be any tile in the player's hand.
The following players must play a tile matching the free end of one of the tiles at the ends of the layout. Doubles are played crosswise and count as the total of their pips for scoring purposes so long as they are at the end of one of the arms of the layout, with no tile yet played against the other side of the double.
The usual rule in this game is that a player who is able to play a tile must do so. When holding a playable tile it is not legal to draw tiles from the boneyard before playing in the hope of acquiring a better tile.
The first double, and only the first double, played is used as a 'spinner': the first and second tiles adjacent to the spinner must be placed against the two sides, then the third and fourth tiles must be placed against the ends.
A player who cannot play a tile must draw tiles from the boneyard until he has a tile to play or the boneyard is empty. When a player draws a playable tile, it goes on the table immedately and the player's turn ends. When the boneyard becomes empty a player who has no tile to play passes and it is the next player's turn.
The hand continues until one player dominoes (plays their last tile) or until all players are blocked.
Scoring
After a player has set a tile, the two, three or four ends of the tableau are totaled. If this total is a multiple of five (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 or 35 points), the player immediately scores that number of points. A double on the end of an arm of the tableau scores the total of its pips; that is [5-5] is worth ten points in the total, [6-6] is worth twelve points and so forth.
The first double (spinner) is scored in the same way. Both ends count until tiles have been placed against both of its sides. When the second tile is played against the spinner, the spinner no longer contributes to the score: only the tiles at the two ends of the layout count, just as if the spinner was another tile placed in line. This can be confusing because the ends of the spinner are still open for setting other tiles.
When the third tile is played against the spinner, creating a new arm extending from one of its ends, this third arm also counts towards the total, and when the fourth arm is begun by by extending the other end of the spinner all four ends count.
Example. The diagrams below show the first nine moves of a possible game. The black arrows show the directions in which the layout can be extended, and the red stars show the tile ends that contribute to the total, which must be a multiple of 5 for the player to score for the move.
When a double is at the end of an arm, both ends of the double are counted, but only until another tile is played extending from the free side of the double.
The [1-1], not the [4-4], was the first double played, so it is only from the [1-1] that the third and fourth arms of the cross can be started, and only after tiles have been played on both sides of the [1-1].
When the hand ends, because some player runs out of tiles or the layout is blocked with no further plays possible. If a player runs out of tiles, that player (or that player's team) is considered the winner of that deal. If the game is blocked the player or team with fewest points on tiles remaining in hand is considered the winner. The winning player or team scores the total of the pips on the tiles remaining in the opponents' hands, rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of five. For example, in a two-player game a losing hand with just the [1-2] would round up to five points, while [1-1] would round down to zero points.
If there is a tie for least points in a blocked two-player or four-player game no one scores for the remaining tiles. In a three-player game if two players tie for least they split the third player's points between them.
The game is played up to an agreed number of points, usually 250 points for two players and 200 points with three or four players. When a player or team reaches the agreed target the game ends immediately. The remaining tiles (if any) in the players' hands are not played or counted.
It is common to divide all the scores by five, so that for example a total of 15 on the ends of the layout scores 3 points. The game can then be scored on a Cribbage board, and the winning target is 61 points.
N.W. Holsey and Ken Tidwell describe an elegant method of scoring on paper. It begins with two lines crossing to form a large X Each line is worth 5 points so the X represents 10. Further points are represented by a small x in each of the four spaces around the large X: again each line is worth 5 and each small x 10, so that when the four small x's are complete the whole symbol is worth 50 points, and a new large X is begun. A score of 10 obtained in a single turn can also be represented as a small o rather than an x made up of two fives. This method of scoring is quick, reliable and easy to read. The example below represents a score of 75.
Variations
You will find many local variations as to how to pick the first player for a hand, what tiles can be led, what score to play to, and the size of the hands. These are not significant changes in the basic game. One European source gives this table for the size of the hands:
- 2 players get 7 tiles each
- 3 players get 5 tiles each
- 4 players get 5 tiles each
The rest of the tiles form the boneyard.
In The Dominologist (New York, Bloomington, Shanghai – 2008) Nathan W. Holsey recommends the following hand sizes:
- 2 players get 7 tiles each if they are beginners, or 9 tiles each for a more demanding game.
- 3 players get 7 tiles each, or 9 each leaving just one tile in the boneyard.
- 4 players get 5 tiles each, or 7 each leaving no talon.
In Play Dominoes Like a Champion (independent publication - November 2021) Travis Newsome and Trevor Born recommend that
- 2, 3 or 4 players get 7 tiles each (so that in the 4-player game there is no boneyard)
- 5 players get 5 tiles each
Some play that tiles can be drawn from the boneyard even by a player who holds a playable tile, and that a player who draws a playable tile may continue to draw more tiles before playing. However, a player who has a playable tile is not allowed to pass: they must end their turn by playing a tile unless they havbe no legal play and the boneyard is empty.
Some play that the last tile or the last two tiles in the boneyard can never be drawn. If the boneyard is reduced to one (or two) tiles players who cannot play must pass and if all pass the game is blocked.
Some play that the game does not stop immediately when a player or team reaches the target score. Instead the deal is played to the end and scored, at which point the player or team with the higher total wins. In case of a tie for points at the end of the final deals, players may agree to play an additional deal or deals to break the tie.
Some play that a player or team must reach the target score (for example 61 on a cribbage board) exactly in order to win. This can happen during the play by playing a tile that makes a multiple of five on the ends of the layout or by scoring for the opponents' tiles at the end of a game. If a player overshoots by scoring too many points at once - for example 4 points from a score of 58 - those points are not scored and the game continues.
Some play that at the end of a hand each player or team subtracts the total pip value of the tiles remaining in their hands, rounded to the nearest five, from their running total. This variant does not lend itself so well to scoring on a cribbage board or with Holsey and Tidwell's X's.
Comments & Strategy
This is one of the best domino games, because the strategy is complicated, but play is fast. Here are some general hints:
As in any domino game, the player who can count the outstanding tiles has a strong advantage.
Beginning players have trouble doing the required math in their heads. They will tend to think in terms of arms which end in 5, instead of looking for other combinations that give a multiple of five. Also, beginners do not think of reducing the previous total to a multiple of five.
The highest possible score in one play is 35 points, which is obtained by having the [6-6], [5-5] and [4-4] tiles on the ends of three arms of the layout and a tile which shows a 5 on the fourth arm.
When you have the lead, play a tile worth ten points ([5-5] or [4-6]) if possible to score early. Otherwise, play a double that gives you control the arms of the tableau.
When another player draws a tile, you have information as to what was missing in his hand. If he draws one tile and plays it, you know that if you can force the tableau to end in the values he was missing, you will force him to draw more tiles.
The smaller the total you leave to the next player, the smaller the total he can make from it.
You can play to score, to block or to domino. In the scoring game, you attempt to get the largest score without regard to who dominoes. The scoring game is the obvious strategy and it is probably what you will pursue at the start of the game when you do not know the distribution of the tiles.
In the blocking game, you try to force a blocked game with the intent that you will get the lowest negative score. The blocking game is an end game strategy which depends on counting suits to see that there are no tiles outstanding in the suits on the arms of the tableau.
Playing to domino is really a version of the blocking strategy, since you will have the lowest negative score, namely zero. However, it also has the advantage of giving you the lead in the following hand. That lead can be important if you are close to winning the game.
Remember that being the one to domino is not always the same thing as getting the most points in a hand. Look for a suit where you are heavy or have control of the remaining tiles and try to get that suit exposed on one or more of the arms of the tableau to guarantee you have a play on your next turn.
Other All Fives web pages
James Yates' Dominoes Strategy page is devoted to the rules and strategy of All Fives dominoes.
The Six Dot Domino Club publishes the Play Dominoes Like a Champion site which includes some strategy tips. It also promotes a book of this name by Travis Newsome and Trevor Born which analyses the strategy of the two-player game in depth, with examples and commentary.
Here is a link to the rules of Five-Up, compiled by Ken Tidwell, editor of the Game Cabinet. This corresponds to the game here called All Fives.
All Fives Software and Online Games
You can download a very good shareware computer version of this game for Windows from Curtis Cameron's Windows Dominoes Games page.
Game Colony offers head to head Five-Up games and multi-player tournaments, which can be played free or for cash prizes.
Mike Perry's Allgood Software publishes a Dominoes program for the Macintosh, which plays a wide variety of domino games, including Muggins and All Fives.
All Fives can be played online against computer opponents at