Tiến Lên
- Introduction
- Players and Cards
- The Deal
- The Play
- End of the Play and Payments
- Customs and Ethics
- Variations
- Other Tien Len web sites and software
Introduction
Tien Len can be considered the national card game of Vietnam; the name of the game, which should properly be spelled Tiến Lên, means Go Forward. The main description on this page is based on information from Jona Baily; Kenneth Lu and Justus Pang have contributed slightly different versions. Probably as a result of the Vietnam war, Tien Len has spread to some parts of the USA, where it is sometimes called Viet Cong or just VC; Kelly Aman has contributed one version of this. Chris Hovanic learned another version from Chris Molinaro (also in the USA) and they call it Thirteen.
Tien Len is a climbing game (a bit like Zheng Shangyou or President), in which the aim is to get rid of your cards as soon as possible by beating combinations of cards played by the other players.
Players and Cards
The game is for four players. A standard 52 card deck is used; there are no Jokers and no wild cards. It is possible for two or three to play. It can also be played by more than four players, using two 52 card packs shuffled together.
The game is normally dealt and played clockwise, but can be played anticlockwise instead if the players agree in advance to do so.
The ranking of the cards is: Two (highest), Ace, King, Queen, Jack, Ten, Nine, Eight, Seven, Six, Five, Four, Three (lowest).
Within each rank there is also an order of suits: Hearts (highest), Diamonds, Clubs, Spades (lowest).
So the 3 of Spades is the lowest card in the pack, and the 2 of Hearts is the highest. Rank is more important than suit, so for example the 
8 beats the 
7.
The Deal
For the first game, the dealer is chosen at random; subsequently the loser of each game has to deal the next. When there are four players, 13 cards are dealt to each player.
If there are fewer than four players, 13 cards are still dealt to each player, and there will be some cards left undealt - these are not used in the game. An alternative with three players is, by prior agreement, to deal 17 cards each. When there are only two players, only 13 cards each should be dealt - if all the cards were dealt the players would be able to work out each other's hands, which would spoil the game. When there are more than four players, you can agree in advance either to deal 13 cards each from the double deck, or deal as many cards as possible equally to the players.
The Play
In the first game only, the player with the 3 of Spades begins play. If no one has the 3 (in the three or two player game) whoever holds the lowest card begins. The player must begin by playing this lowest card, either on its own or as part of a combination.
In subsequent games, the winner of the previous game plays first, and can start with any combination.
Each player in turn must now either beat the previously played card or combination, by playing a card or combination that beats it, or pass and not play any cards. The played card(s) are placed in a heap face up in the centre of the table. The play goes around the table as many times as necessary until someone plays a card or combination that no one else beats. When this happens, all the played cards are set aside, and the person whose play was unbeaten starts again by playing any legal card or combination face up to the centre of the table.
If you pass you are locked out of the play until someone makes a play that no one beats. Only when the cards are set aside and a new card or combination is led are you entitled to play again.
Example (with three players): the player to your right plays a single three, you hold an ace but decide to pass, the player to your left plays a nine and the player to right plays a king. You cannot now beat the king with your ace, because you have already passed. If the third player passes too, and your right hand opponent now leads a queen, you can now play your ace if you want to.
The legal plays in the game are as follows:
- Single card
- The lowest single card is the 3 and the highest is the 2.
- Pair
- Two cards of the same rank - such as
7-
7 or Q-Q.
- Triple
- Three cards of the same rank - such as 5-5-5
- Four of a kind
- Four cards of the same rank - such as 9-9-9-9.
- Sequence
- Three or more cards of consecutive rank (the suits can be mixed) - such as 4-5-6 or J-Q-K-A-2. Sequences cannot "turn the corner" between two and three - A-2-3 is not a valid sequence because 2 is high and 3 is low.
- Double Sequence
- Three or more pairs of consecutive rank - such as 3-3-4-4-5-5 or 6-6-7-7-8-8-9-9.
In general, a combination can only be beaten by a higher combination of the same type and same number of cards. So if a single card is led, only single cards can be played; if a pair is led only pairs can be played; a three card sequence can only be beaten by a higher three card sequence; and so on. You cannot for example beat a pair with a triple, or a four card sequence with a five card sequence.
To decide which of two combinations of the same type is higher you just look at the highest card in the combination. For example 7-7 beats 7-7 because the heart beats the diamond. In the same way 8-9-10 beats 8-9-10 because it is the highest cards (the tens) that are compared.
There are just four exceptions to the rule that a combination can only be beaten by a combination of the same type:
- A four of a kind can beat any single two (but not any other single card, such as an ace or king). A four of a kind can be beaten by a higher four of a kind.
- A sequence of three pairs (such as 7-7-8-8-9-9) can beat any single two (but not any other single card). A sequence of three pairs can be beaten by a higher sequence of three pairs.
- A sequence of four pairs (such as 5-5-6-6-7-7-8-8) can beat a pair of twos (but not any other pair). A sequence of four pairs can be beaten by a higher sequence of four pairs.
- A sequence of five pairs (such as 8-8-9-9-10-10-J-J-Q-Q) can beat a set of three twos (but not any other three of a kind). A sequence of five pairs can be beaten by a higher sequence of five pairs.
These combinations that can beat single twos or sets of twos are sometimes known as bombs or two-bombs, and can be played even by a player who has previously passed.
Note that these exceptions only apply to beating twos, not other cards. For example, if someone plays an ace you cannot beat it with your four of a kind, but if the ace has been beaten by a two, then your four of a kind can be used to beat the two.
End of the Play and Payments
As players run out of cards they drop out of the play. If the player whose turn it is to play has no cards left, the turn passes to the next player in rotation. The play ends when only one player has cards left. That player is the loser, and must pay a fixed stake to each of the other players.
This game is often played for money, and sometimes for high stakes. Among serious players, typically the loser of a game would have to pay $2000 to each of the others. In a session of play, a person might easily lose (or win) a total of $50000 or more.
Customs and Ethics
Some types of behaviour which in many other card games would be regarded as cheating are generally considered acceptable in Tien Len. For example among some players it OK to peek at other players' cards, or to play out of turn if you can get away with it.
Variations
In the version contributed by Justus Pang:
- In the first deal, the holder of the 3 may pass rather than playing that card. This could be advantageous if the 3 is part of a bomb.
- Twos cannot be used in sequences - they may run only from 3 up to ace.
- When all but one players have passed, the person who played the last unbeaten combination can continue to play successively higher combinations of the same type. This is known as "stacking". Since the other players have passed, they are not allowed to beat the stacked combinations unless able to play a bomb.
- Variant. In San Jose the game is sometimes played with "trading". In this variant, as in many versions of President and some other climbing games, the loser of the previous deal must give his or her two highest cards to the winner, and the player who came second to last must give his or her highest card to the second placed player. Simultaneously, the first and second placed players from the previous deal pass two unwanted cards and one unwanted card respectively to the last and second last players.
The version of Tien Len contributed by Kenneth Lu has the following differences:
- If there are only three players, 17 cards are dealt to each; the person who starts the play takes the final card. For the first deal this is the person who has the 3 (or the 3 if the 3 was the undealt card). If there are only two players they are just dealt 17 cards each.
- Although in the first game the holder of the 3 leads, the lead does not have to include the 3. The first player may lead anything.
- The exceptional cases of combinations beating other types of combination are somewhat different:
- A four of a kind can beat any single card or pair.
- A sequence of three pairs can beat a single two (but not any other single card).
- A sequence of four (or more) pairs has no special power.
- As soon as someone runs out of cards the play ends and the other players pay the winner one stake for each card they have left in their hands at this time.
The rules of Viet Cong (VC) as reported by Kelly Aman have the following features:
- If anyone has four twos, they automatically win.
- The person with the 3 must begin with a combination that includes that card.
- Twos cannot be included in single sequences (straights). Straights run from three up to ace only.
- The special combinations that beat twos are called slams. The rules for these are:
- A sequence of three consecutive pairs or a four of a kind can beat a single two (but not any other single card).
- A sequence of five consecutive pairs or two consecutive fours of a kind can beat a pair of twos (but not any other pair).
- A sequence of seven consecutive pairs or three consecutive fours of a kind can beat three twos (but not any other triple).
- Some people play the game with trading. After the cards are dealt, but before the first lead, any player can trade one or more cards with another player for an equal number of cards. Trading only takes place by mutual agreement; if the two players cannot agree on the cards to trade, the trade does not take place. If you play with trading, four twos do not automatically win the game.
Other Tien Len web sites and software
Vinagames offers a Java on line Tien Len game.